A judge who adopts the four key principles of procedural fairness is far more effective than a judge who relies on fear as a motivator.

Written by Judge Brian MacKenzie (Ret.) and Judge Kevin Burke (Ret.) There are cases where everyone in the courtroom knows that a litigant or witness has suffered a traumatic injury. But what if the judge does not know about the person’s traumatic injury? Self- represented litigants will often not tell a judge their history and